Reportable Diseases in the United States: 2018 Annual Report

Last Modified: January 30, 2024

The following tables show the United States' status for animal diseases that are reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) if they are confirmed to be present in specific livestock, poultry, and aquaculture species. This information is reported to WOAH every 6 months and is also presented on the international WOAH website.

This is a summary of the report submitted to WOAH for the year indicated and not meant to reflect current disease status. Please see Livestock and Poultry Disease for more current information.

View 2018 Reportable Diseases Report

Terrestrial Animal Diseases

Diseases Associated With Multiple Species

Disease	Status	Date of Last Occurrence / Notes
Anthrax	Present	Sporadic / limited distribution
Aujeszky’s disease	Present	Sporadic / limited distribution in feral and/or noncommercial production swine. Noncommercial swine: swine managed under biosecurity conditions that allow for potential exposure to feral swine that may be infected with swine diseases, such as pseudorabies. National eradication program. No commercial production swine herd detections in 2018.
Bluetongue	Present	Sporadic
Brucellosis (Brucella abortus)	Present	Sporadic / limited distribution. Disease is limited to free-ranging bison (Bison bison) and wapiti (Cervus canadensis) in the Greater Yellowstone National Park area/national eradication program.
Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis)	Free	1999
Brucellosis (Brucella suis)	Present	Sporadic / limited distribution in feral and/or noncommercial production swine. Noncommercial swine: swine managed under biosecurity conditions that allow for potential exposure to feral swine that may be infected with swine diseases, such as brucellosis. B. suis, biovar 4 is endemic in wild caribou (Rangifer tarandus) herds in Alaska, and biovar 1 is endemic in feral swine in several States. National eradication program. No commercial production swine herd detections in 2018.
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever	Free	Never occurred
Echinococcosis/hydatidosis (Echinococcosis granulosus, E. multilocularis)	Present?	Suspected
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD)	Present	Sporadic
Equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern)	Present	Sporadic / limited distribution
Foot-and-mouth disease	Free	1929
Heartwater	Free	Never occurred
Japanese encephalitis	Free	Never occurred
New world screwworm (NWS)	Free	One event in 2017 limited to the Florida Keys—infestation in Key Deer. There was no NWS myiasis in any production livestock. Eradicated in March 2017 using sterile flies.
Old world screwworm	Free	Never occurred
Paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease)	Present	Voluntary control program
Q fever	Present	Sporadic
Rabies	Present
Rift Valley fever	Free	Never occurred
Rinderpest	Free	Never occurred
Surra (Trypanosoma evansi)	Free	Never occurred
Trichinellosis	Present?	Sporadic occurrence in backyard-raised swine and wild species. No commercial production swine herd detections in 2018.
Tularemia	Present (wild)	Sporadic in wild populations. Last domestic detection was in 2009.
West Nile fever/encephalitis	Present

Avian Diseases

Disease	Status	Date of Last Occurrence / Notes
Avian chlamydiosis	Present	Identified sporadically in wild birds, pet birds, and backyard birds only. No commercial production flock detections in 2018.
Avian infectious bronchitis	Present
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis	Present	Sporadically detected in poultry. Detections are primarily vaccine-related.
Avian mycoplasmosis (M. gallisepticum)	Present	Sporadic occurrence. All commercial poultry breeding flocks are under a surveillance program to confirm infection-free status. Commercial table-egg laying hens may be vaccinated. The “finch strain” of MG occurs in wild passerine birds, primarily house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus), in which it causes conjunctivitis. This strain has been shown experimentally to be nonpathogenic in chickens.
Avian mycoplasmosis (M. synoviae)	Present	Sporadic occurrence. All commercial poultry breeding flocks are under a surveillance program to confirm infection-free status.
Duck viral hepatitis	Free	1998
Fowl typhoid (Salmonella gallinarum)	Free	1981
Highly pathogenic avian influenza	Present	Two events reported to the WOAH in 2017: (1) H7N9 in commercial chicken broiler-breeder flock, closed August 2017; and (2) identification of H5N2 in a wild mallard duck, closed March 2017.
Low pathogenic avian influenza (poultry) Notifiable H5 and H7	Present	Identified sporadically in backyard poultry and in live-bird-markets that serve local ethnic communities. Low pathogenicity H5 was detected in a live-bird market and low pathogenicity H5N2 was detected in backyard poultry. No commercial production flock infection was detected from July 2017 to December 2017.
Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease)	Present	Sporadic
Newcastle disease (Neurotropic and viscerotropic strains)	Present (wild)	Sporadic detections in wild birds. Domestic poultry are considered free—last detection was in 2003.
Pullorum disease (Salmonella pullorum)	Present	Identified sporadically in backyard poultry. No commercial production flock detections since 1991, considered absent in them.
Turkey rhinotracheitis	Present	Type C is detected in poultry sporadically and with limited distribution.

Bee Diseases

Disease	Status	Date of Last Occurrence / Notes
Acarapisosis of honey bees (Acarapis woodi)	Present	Sporadic / limited distribution
American foulbrood of honey bees (Paenibacillus larvae)	Present	American foulbrood of honey bees (Paenibacillus larvae)
European foulbrood of honey bees (Melissococcus plutonius)	Present
Small hive beetle infestation (Aethina tumida)	Present
Tropilaelaps infestation of honey bees (Tropilaelaps spp.)	Free	Never occurred
Varroosis of honey bees (Varroa spp.)	Present	Varroosis of honey bees (Varroa spp.)

Cattle Diseases

Disease	Status	Date of Last Occurrence / Notes
Bovine anaplasmosis	Present
Bovine babesiosis	Free	Last occurrence on the U.S. mainland was in 1943. Endemic in Territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Bovine genital campylobacteriosis	Present	Sporadic
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)	WOAH-Negligible Risk status	One detection of atypical BSE reported to WOAH in 2018. Atypical BSE is an uncommon form of the agent not generally associated with an animal consuming infected feed.
Bovine tuberculosis	Present	Sporadic / limited distribution / national eradication program
Bovine viral diarrhea	Present
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC)	Free	1892
Enzootic bovine leukosis	Present
Haemorrhagic septicaemia (Pasteurella multocida, serotypes B/Asian or E/African)	Absent	1969
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis / infectious pustular vulvovaginitis	Present
Lumpy skin disease	Free	Never occurred
Theileriosis	Free	Never occurred
Trichomonosis	Present
Trypanosomosis (tsetse-transmitted)	Free	Never occurred

Equine Diseases

Disease	Status	Date of Last Occurrence / Notes
African horse sickness	Free	Never occurred
Contagious equine metritis	Free	2014
Dourine	Free	1934
Equine encephalomyelitis (Western)	Present?	No equine detections reported the last 20 years
Equine infectious anemia	Present	Sporadic / limited distribution / National Control Program
Equine influenza	Present	Sporadic
Equine piroplasmosis	Present	Sporadic / limited distribution
Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1)	Present
Equine viral arteritis	Present	Sporadic
Glanders	Free	1942
Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis	Free	1971

Lagomorph Diseases

Disease	Status	Date of Last Occurrence / Notes
Myxomatosis	Present	Sporadic / limited distribution in wild rabbits
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease	Present	RHDV, RHDV2. Outbreaks of RHDV2 have occurred since late 2018 in wild and domestic rabbits.

Sheep and Goat Diseases

Disease	Status	Date of Last Occurrence / Notes
Caprine arthritis/encephalitis	Present
Contagious agalactia	Present?	Sporadic / limited distribution
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia	Free	Never occurred
Enzootic abortion of ewes (ovine chlamydiosis, Chlamydophila abortus)	Present	Sporadic
Maedi-visna	Present	Sporadic
Nairobi sheep diseases	Free	Never occurred
Ovine epididymitis (Brucella ovis)	Present	Sporadic
Peste des petits ruminants	Free	Never occurred
Salmonellosis (S. abortus ovis)	Present	Sporadic / limited distribution
Scrapie	Present	Sporadic occurrence. National eradication program.
Sheep pox and goat pox	Free	Never occurred

Swine Diseases

Disease	Status	Date of Last Occurrence / Notes
African swine fever	Free	Never occurred
Classical swine fever (hog cholera)	Free	1976
Nipah virus encephalitis	Free	Never occurred
Porcine cysticercosis	Free	2004
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome	Present	Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
Transmissible gastroenteritis	Present

Other Listed Diseases

Disease	Status	Date of Last Occurrence / Notes
Leishmaniosis	Present	Sporadic occurrence in canines
Camelpox	Free	Never occurred

Aquatic Animal Diseases

Amphibian Diseases

Disease	Status	Date of Last Occurrence / Notes
Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis	Present
Infection with ranavirus	Present (wild)

Aquaculture Diseases: Crustaceans

Disease	Status	Date of Last Occurrence / Notes
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease	Present	One event reported to WOAH in 2017, resolved December 2017
Crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci)	Absent
Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis	Absent
Infectious myonecrosis	Free	Never occurred
Necrotising hepatopancreatitis	Free
Taura syndrome	Free	April 2007—Domestic
White spot disease	Present? (wild)	Suspected but not confirmed in wild populations in limited geographical regions/zones. Domestic populations considered free, last detection was in 2012.
White tail disease	Free	Never occurred
Yellowhead disease	Free	Never occurred

Aquaculture Diseases: Fish

Disease	Status	Date of Last Occurrence / Notes
Epizootic hematopoietic necrosis (EHN)	Free	Never occurred
Infection with Aphanomyces invadans (Epizootic ulcerative syndrome, EUS)	Present (wild)	Sporadic occurrence / limited distribution in wild populations. Absent in domestic populations, last detection was in 2004.
Gyrodactylosis (Gyrodactylus salaries)	Free	Never occurred
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN)	Present (wild)	Sporadic occurrence / limited distribution in wild populations. Free in domestic populations, last detection was 2015.
Infectious salmon anemia, ISA (HPR-deleted or HPR0)	Absent HPR-deleted	Wild: ISAV HPR0 suspected ISAV HPR0 detected through routine surveillance in healthy fish, no detections of ISAV HPR-deleted.
Koi herpesvirus disease (KHV)	Present
Red sea bream iridoviral disease	Free	Never occurred
Salmonid alphavirus (SAV)	Free	Never occurred
Spring viremia of carp (SVC)	Present? (wild)	Suspected but not confirmed in wild populations in limited geographical regions/zones. Absent in domestic populations, last detection was in 2004.
Viral hemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS)	Present (wild)	Sporadic / limited distribution in wild populations. Absent in domestic populations, last detection was in 2007.

Aquaculture Diseases: Molluscs

Disease	Status	Date of Last Occurrence / Notes
Infection with abalone herpes virus	Free	Never occurred
Infection with Bonamia exitiosus	Present?	Identified sporadically in farmed molluscs exposed to open water. There have been no detections in farmed molluscs maintained in closed systems.
Infection with Bonamia ostreae	Present? (wild)	Suspected but not confirmed in wild populations in limited geographical regions/zones. Free in domestic populations, last detection was in 2006.
Infection with Marteilia refringens	Free	Never occurred
Infection with Perkinsus marinus	Present	Sporadic / limited distribution
Infection with Perkinsus olseni	Free	Never occurred
Infection with Xenohaliotis californiensis	Present	Sporadic / limited distribution

Status of Animal Diseases in the United States of America

Present = occurrence of the disease reported
Free = no occurrence in the United States of the WOAH-listed disease
Present? = occurrence suspected but not confirmed
Absent = disease absent during the reporting period/no detections reported
Sporadic = occurring only occasionally
Limited distribution = limited geographic distribution